用QSAR法研究有机磷农药对海洋扁藻的构效关系   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

邹立  李永祺 《海洋与湖沼》1999,30(2):206-211

１９９７年３月,利用ＱＳＡＲ构效关系分析方法和计算模拟手段,对中国洞海地区常用的１１种有机磷农药对海洋五心形扁藻拦数抑制浓度进行研究。建立有机磷农药对海洋扁藻致毒效应的ＱＳＡＲ模型;ｌｇ（１／ＥＣ５０）＝０．１９３ｌｇＰ－０．０８（ｌｇＰ）＾２＋１．１０σ３＋０．２９２＾１Ｘ－０．１６４（ｎ＝１１,Ｓ＝２０,Ｒ＝０．９６９６）;ｌｇ（１／ＥＣ５０＿＝０．１９１ｌｇＰ－０．０９（ｌｇＰ）＾２＋１．０  相似文献   

胶洲湾5 种海藻中的多不饱和脂肪酸与有机氯农药共摄入风险的评估研究     

彭全材  宋金明  李琛  俞立东 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(1):81-87

海藻中含有丰富的多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),但同时也富集一定浓度的有机氯农药,食用海藻摄入多不饱和脂肪酸的同时也会摄入这类污染物,其共摄入风险分析评估是食品安全领域必须关注的科学问题。本文以胶州湾近岸采集的条斑紫菜、坛紫菜、海带、裙带菜、龙须菜等5种常见经济海藻为研究对象,分析了其脂肪酸和有机氯农药组成情况。结果表明,这5种海藻中脂肪酸以棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸、花生四烯酸和二十碳五烯酸(DHA)为主,n-6和n-3 PUFA的比值远小于建议值4,均有较高的营养价值;5种海藻中六六六类农药主要残留的是γ-HCH,滴滴涕类农药中P,P’-DDD、P,P’-DDT残留量较高。对PUFAs中的有效成分二十碳五烯酸(EPA)+DHA与有机氯农药污染物共摄入时对人体的益害风险进行了评估,发现对于健康成人在达到EPA+DHA摄入要求下,食用这5种海藻带来的多不饱和脂肪酸与有机氯农药污染物共摄入引起非致癌或致癌的健康风险较低。  相似文献   

气相色谱-质谱法同时测定河流沉积物中多环芳烃和有机氯农药   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

汪瑾彦  汤桦  陈大舟  吴雪  冯洁  吴学丽  李蕾 《岩矿测试》2010,29(3):225-230

建立了用加速溶剂萃取,气相色谱-质谱法同时测定河流沉积物中16种多环芳烃和19种有机氯农药的分析方法,优化了萃取溶剂、萃取温度和时间、凝胶渗透色谱收集时间、固相萃取洗脱溶剂和洗脱体积等条件。16种多环芳烃的方法检出限在0.15~0.59 ng/g,加标回收率为82%~102%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为1.1%~4.5%。19种有机氯农药的方法检出限在0.14~2.23 ng/g,加标回收率为71%~108%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为1.0%~4.5%。实际样品的测定结果表明,该方法分离效果较好,能够满足沉积物样品中多环芳烃和有机氯农药的分析要求。  相似文献   

气相色谱法测定地下水中有机氯农药和多氯联苯   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

马晗宇  刘菲  刘玉龙 《岩矿测试》2010,29(5):527-530

建立了地下水中常见有机氯农药和多氯联苯的气相色谱分析方法。有机氯农药检出限均小于2.21ng/L,多氯联苯中PCB1检出限为5.20ng/L,其他目标组分检出限在1.30ng/L以下。两大类待测组分回收率均可以达到63.5%～110.2%,各组分精密度(RSD,n=5)在2.2%～17.3%。除异狄氏剂外,有机氯农药基体加标回收率为87.34%～133.76%。方法稳定性和重现性较好,样品前处理操作简便,适用于实验室分析或进一步改进。  相似文献   

Persistent organochlorine residues in sediments of Hong Kong Victoria Harbour and Xiamen Western Bay   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈伟琪  张珞平  徐立  王新红  洪华生 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1998,16(1):36-44

INTRODUCTIONOrganochiorine(OC)compounds,suchaspolych1orinatalbiphenyIsrpCBs),hexachlorocycohexane(HCH)andDDThaveentetalmarineenvirorimentSthI0ughatmospherictransport,estuarinerunofTcoastalwaterdischarge,andsoon.InspiteoftheastriCtion0rbanonOCsusageinmostcountriesformanyyears,OCnsiduescanstillbefoundatconsiderableleveIsinvari0usmarineaservotrisuchasseaWhtef,maforor-ganismandtaltrit.ooinrnarineenvirOrimenthavedrawnmuchattenti0ntheuse0ftheirubiquity,persistenceandt0xidty.Marinesedtri…  相似文献   

Trends of persistent organic pollutants in the suspended matter of the River Rhine     

Thorsten Pohlert  Gudrun Hillebrand  Vera Breitung 《水文研究》2011,25(24):3803-3817

Recently amended European (EU) water policies call for an adequate monitoring of the chemical status of sediments and suspended matter (SM) in rivers. In this study, we focus on long‐term time series of particle‐bound hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB‐138 and PCB‐153) that were monitored biweekly to monthly at eight stations in the River Rhine catchment. Our aims are (1) to detect trends in the concentration series HCB, PCB‐138 and PCB‐153, (2) to estimate the uncertainty of loads caused by SM collection techniques and load calculation procedures and (3) to detect trends in the subsequently calculated annual load series. HCB concentration in the SM for the period 1995–2008 significantly (p < 0·01) decreased at six of the eight monitoring stations. Decreasing PCB‐138 and PCB‐153 concentrations are significant at six of the eight and seven of the eight monitoring stations, respectively. A two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) that tested the effect of two collection techniques and four load calculation procedures on annual loads indicates homogeneity of the methods at four of the five monitoring stations. At Weil, only the loads of HCB, PCB‐138 and PCB‐153 are significantly affected by the collection technique. The trend analysis of an extended series (1985–2007) of annual HCB loads at Koblenz showed a significant decrease from about 110 kg year^?1 to about 15–23 kg year^?1; however, in the shorter period (1995–2007) only at two of the eight monitoring stations decreasing trends of annual contaminant load could be detected. We conclude that any of the tested load calculation procedures can be applied, as loads do no differ systematically. Although a high uncertainty in load estimation exists (e.g. maximum percentage error of E = [18·1, 122·5]% for HCB), the monitoring programme at the Rhine is adequate for analysing the long‐term chemical status of SM. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

气相色谱法测定地下水中拟除虫菊酯有机氯百菌清等24种农药残留   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

郭晓辰  饶竹  高冉 《岩矿测试》2014,33(3):406-412

拟除虫菊酯类、有机氯、百菌清等农药均属于电负性强化合物,采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)检测具有较高的灵敏度,但由于拟除虫菊酯类农药分子量较大,其灵敏度显著低于有机氯,使得各类化合物进行分类检测的流程长、分析效率低。本文通过优选分析色谱柱和进样口温度等条件,利用气相色谱的色谱柱程序升压功能实现了多类别24种农药残留的快速、准确测定。实验中以正己烷为溶剂进行液液萃取,Florisil固相萃取柱净化,选择有机氯专用色谱柱(RTX-CLPesticides 2)进行分析,GC-ECD仪器在0.5~6000 ng/mL浓度范围内呈线性,方法检出限为1.00~12.00 ng/L,低、中、高三个浓度水平的加标回收率分别为80.3%~116%、79.9%~117%、85.7%~102%,相应的精密度(RSD,n=7)为1.5%~6.8%、1.3%~7.6%、1.1%~6.8%。本方法选用的有机氯专用色谱柱(RTX-CLPesticides 2)对多组分、多类别目标化合物有更好的分辨率,较通用型色谱柱(DB-5MS)更具分析优势;采用的色谱柱程序升压技术解决了拟除虫菊酯类化合物在气相色谱柱中停留时间过长而导致的低灵敏度、峰拖尾等技术难题。此方法灵敏、经济,分析通量高,可有效地同时分析多种类农药残留物质。  相似文献   

浙江沿岸海产品中有机氯农药的残留水平   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王益鸣  王晓华  胡颢琰  许贞平  孙毅 《海洋学研究》2005,23(1):54-64

1998年、2001年和2003年分别在浙江沿岸13个地区采集了53种海产品,采用GC-9A气相色谱仪对其进行了有机氯农药(HCH和DDT)残留量的检测,对不同类别海产品中HCH和DDT残留在浙江沿岸的分布状况以及有机氯农药异构组分分布的特点进行了分析,结果表明:(1)浙江沿岸海产品普遍受到HCH和DDT的污染,多数生物体内DDT的含量比HCH含量高,鱼类体内HCH含量高于软体动物和甲壳动物体内HCH的含量,而软体动物体内DDT的含量则高于鱼类和甲壳动物体内的DDT含量;(2)不同类别海产品(尤其是鱼类)体内HCH和DDT的残留量在浙江沿岸分布的差异较大,杭州湾、象山湾和乐清湾海产品体内HCH和DDT的残留量较高,而浙南的南麂和东部的普陀海产品体内HCH和DDT的残留量则较低;(3)1998年至2003年,浙江沿岸海产品中HCH含量呈微弱下降趋势,而DDT含量却呈现上升趋势(上升了107%);(4)2003年,浙江沿岸海产品中p,p′-DDT100%检出,其降解产物p,p′-DDD和p,p′-DDE也普遍检出,p,p′-DDT/ΣDDT明显升高,因此在浙江沿岸海域可能还存在DDT新的污染源;(5)浙江沿岸海产品中以p,p′-DDE的含量为最高,但与一些发达国家相比,其有机氯农药尚处于较低的水平。  相似文献   

Residues of organochlorine pesticides in intertidal flat surface sediments from coastal zone of Jiangsu Province,China     

韩秀梅  郑容  赵家乐  马超  高效江 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(5):1157-1162

Sixteen surface sediment samples were collected and analysed to evaluate the residues of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) from intertidal flat in Jiangsu Province. Overall, 22 OCPs were detected with total concentrations of OCPs ranging widely from 0.96 to 12.14 ng/g(dry wt). Total hexachlorocyclohexane(HCH) and total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(DDT) levels varied from 0.01 to 0.67 ng/g and from 0.23 to 4.85 ng/g, respectively. DDTs were the predominant compounds. The dominance of β-HCH indicated a history of HCH pollution. According to the ratios of( p, p'-DDD+ p, p'-DDE)/ p, p '-DDT and o, p ′-DDT/ p, p ′-DDT, new input of DDTs did not occur in most sites, and the main sources were historical usage of technical DDTs. OCPs such as dieldrin, endrin, p, p ′-DDD, and p, p ′-DDT exceeded the effects range low, showing adverse biological effects that would occasionally occur at some sites of the study area.  相似文献   

A Review of “Pesticide Drift and the Pursuit of Environmental Justice”     

Vicki L. Tinnon 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):472-474

Measured by growing student numbers and new programs, master's education is one of the most dynamic areas of U.S. higher education. We focus here on the current state of programs that award the master's as their highest degree, so-called master's only departments, a distinct institutional type in the United States, which has received little research attention. Focusing on sixty-four geography programs, considerable differences are apparent in terms of size (both student and faculty numbers), mission, and curriculum; this includes a number of new programs and hybrid degrees that have recently been developed. The findings raise questions about levels of program staffing, program structure, student recruiting, and overall program quality and viability. Given the changing nature of master's education, further attention should be focused on helping universities create, strengthen, and expand such programs in the future.  相似文献